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- July 31, 1998
-
- Welcome to MkLinux Developer Release 3 (DR3) FTP archive.
-
- If you're not familiar with MkLinux, please see the web site:
- http://www.mklinux.apple.com/
-
- The easiest way to install MkLinux is using the MkLinux DR3 CD-ROM. Please
- see the web page or the DR3 announcement for details on obtaining the CD.
- In most cases, it is possible to install MkLinux DR3 from this FTP archive.
- If that's what you want to do, continue reading!
-
- We've duplicated the CD's directory structure in this FTP archive. However,
- there are a few differences, which are outlined below.
-
- What's on the CD
- ----------------
-
- The DR3 CD contains the following files or folders at the top level:
-
- README - Mac and Unix versions, containing identical text
- MacOS Utilities/ - Three partitioning programs that run under MacOS
- Mac Files/ - The pieces of MkLinux that reside in your MacOS volume
- mach_servers/ - The pieces needed to boot the MkLinux installer
- RedHat/... - Many packages that can be installed as part of DR3
- SRPMS/ - Sources to the above DR3 packages
- extra/... - More packages that can be installed later
- mklinux_source/ - Sources to MkLinux's Mach microkernel and Linux server
- misc_source/ - Other sources that may be of interest
-
- What's different here
- ---------------------
-
- There is an extensive README file on the CD, which has been renamed
- "README_DR3" in this FTP archive. You should read it, as almost all of it is
- applicable to you. The "README" that you're looking at right now describes
- only the additional information that you need to install MkLinux from this FTP
- archive.
-
- The file "Announcement" contains the announcement for MkLinux DR3.
-
- The folders "MacOS Utilities", "Mac Files", and "mach_servers" are recreated
- here in two forms. Each folder has been bundled into a self-extracting
- archive. If you are downloading these pieces for the first time, we suggest
- that you simply retrieve the three "sea.hqx" files. If you're looking for just
- one or two files from one of those folders, then you can look in the similarly
- named directory here. (If you do this with files in "mach_servers", be sure
- to FTP them in _binary_ mode, even "bootstrap.conf", even though it looks like
- a text file!)
-
- There are a few RPMs and SRPMs that are available here, in the "extra"
- directory that do not exist on the CD. These files were left off the CD
- because they were either too large to fit on the CD, or simply not required
- for DR3. They are:
-
- extra/RPMS/howto-translations-5.0-5a.noarch.rpm
- extra/SRPMS/howto-5.0-5a.src.rpm
- extra/SRPMS/X11R6.3-01-1r.src.rpm
-
- extra/RPMS/emacs-19.34-1B.ppc.rpm
- extra/RPMS/emacs-X11-19.34-1B.ppc.rpm
- extra/RPMS/emacs-el-19.34-1B.ppc.rpm
- extra/RPMS/emacs-nox-19.34-1B.ppc.rpm
- extra/SRPMS/emacs-19.34-1B.src.rpm
-
- extra/RPMS/gcc-2.8.0-1c.ppc.rpm
- extra/SRPMS/gcc-2.8.0-1c.src.rpm
-
- The howto-translations and the howto SRPM are huge, as is the X SRPM.
- They were left off the CD so that everything else would fit.
-
- The emacs-19.34 is a slightly older version than the official DR3 version
- (emacs-20.2). We've left it on the FTP site in "extra" because there are
- a few things that don't work right in the newer emacs. Some zealous
- emacs users will want to stick with the older 19.34 version for now.
-
- EGCS (Experimental GNU Complier System) is the official compiler for DR3.
- These days, most of the Open Source PowerPC compiler development is
- occuring on the "egcs" package. gcc-2.8, which has some problems, is
- provided via FTP only.
-
- Installing DR3 using files from the FTP archive
- -----------------------------------------------
-
- 1) Read the file "README_DR3" in this directory.
-
- 2) Use the programs in MacOS_Utilities to partition your disk for MkLinux.
- If you don't know how to do this, go back to step 1.
-
- 3) Put the "Mac Files" into your MacOS system volume according to the
- instructions in README_DR3. For now, ignore the part about SCSI vs. ATAPI
- CD-ROM drives and editing lilo.conf's rootdev line. Yes, you will need to
- edit the rootdev line; we'll get to that later.
-
- 4) Place the "mach_servers" folder at the top level (ie. not on the desktop)
- of a suitable volume on your Mac. For MkLinux to be able to access your
- mach_servers folder, the volume containing it must be:
- a) on an HFS (MacOS Standard) volume, not HFS+ (MacOS Extended)
- b) on a drive that MkLinux can recognize. Right now, MkLinux does not
- recognize any drives attached to PCI SCSI adapters. Also, the DR3
- kernel is known to have some difficulty with some IDE drives. If you
- get the infamous "bootstrap cannot find config file" message, then
- you may need to use a SCSI device to hold your mach_servers folder.
-
- Once you completed the MkLinux installation, you will not need this
- mach_servers folder anymore.
-
- 5) Determine the MkLinux device name for the partition where you finally ended
- up putting your mach_servers folder. Typical device names look something
- like this:
-
- /dev/hda4 (fourth partition on the first IDE drive)
- /dev/sda5 (fifth partition on the first SCSI drive)
- /dev/sdb7 (seventh partition on the second SCSI drive)
-
- The pdisk utility is probably the best tool to determine the device names
- for your MacOS partitions. Use the "L" command to display the partition
- tables for every drive attached to your Mac. It may take some sleuthing,
- but you should be able to figure out the partition which contains the
- HFS volume containing the mach_servers folder. Here's an example of pdisk
- output:
-
- Partition map (with 512 byte blocks) on '/dev/sda'
- #: type name length base ( size )
- 1: Apple_partition_map Apple 63 @ 1
- 2: Apple_Driver43*Macintosh 54 @ 64
- 3: Apple_Driver43*Macintosh 74 @ 118
- 4: Apple_Patches Patch Partition 512 @ 192
- 5: Apple_HFS untitled 614400 @ 704 (300.0M)
- 6: Apple_UNIX_SVR2 swap 196608 @ 615104 ( 96.0M)
- 7: Apple_UNIX_SVR2 root 3381703 @ 811712 ( 1.6G)
-
- In this case, the device name for the MacOS partition is '/dev/sda5'.
-
- 6) Put that device name into your lilo.conf file's rootdev line. You do this
- by invoking the MkLinux control panel. Click on the "Custom" button.
- SimpleText will launch and you'll be editing a preferences file called
- "lilo.conf". Edit the "rootdev=" line so that it points to the partition
- containing your mach_servers.
-
- 7) Reboot, when the MkLinux "Splash Screen" comes up, select MkLinux. After
- a few moments of booting messages, you should be in the MkLinux Installer.
-
- 8) In general, you will follow the installer screens according to the
- instructions given in README_DR3. However, once you get to Installation
- Method, you'll need to pick something other than "Local CDROM".
-
- The installer needs to be able to access the RPMs and other files that are
- in the "RedHat" directory (under DR3 on this FTP site). If you are
- connected to the internet via the ethernet port on your Mac, you can
- retrieve the RPM's via FTP as they are needed (ie. you don't need to
- download them all beforehand).
-
- If you choose the FTP install, you'll need to know the name of an FTP
- site and the name of the directory that contains the RedHat directory.
- On ftp.mklinux.apple.com, that directory would be "/pub/DR3", because
- that's where the RedHat directory is.
-
- Another thing you need to know is that sometimes the installer cannot
- determine the address of the FTP site if its name is a "DNS alias".
- For instance, the installer won't recognize "ftp.mklinux.apple.com"
- because that's really an alias for "www.mklinux.apple.com". As a last
- resort, you could always use the actual IP address (ww.xx.yy.zz) of the
- ftp site.
-
- And one more tidbit about FTP installs: the main MkLinux FTP site,
- ftp.mklinux.apple.com (or really, www.mklinux.apple.com) is usually under
- heavy load. If you try to do a FTP install directly from it, the install
- process may fail and you'll have to start over. You'll be much better off
- if you choose a Mirror site. The Mirror site list is shown when you
- connect to ftp.mklinux.apple.com, and is also contained in the file
- "Mirrors" at the top level (/pub) of the FTP archive.
-
- As an alternative to the FTP install, you can load all the RPMs onto a
- local disk. The structure of the RedHat directory must be preserved,
- including the directory (or Folder) "RedHat" itself. Some of the files
- in the RedHat folder have names longer than 32 characters, and their names
- will be truncated when placed onto a MacOS volume. Don't worry about this;
- the installer knows that if the files are coming from a local disk, it may
- have to look for truncated names.
-
- 9) Continue in the installer according to README_DR3.
-
- When you have completed the installation, you may remove the "mach_servers"
- folder.
-
-
- Closing words
- -------------
-
- If you have difficulties, be sure to check the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
- on the MkLinux web site, http://www.mklinux.apple.com/
-
- Good Luck,
- The MkLinux Team
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- MkLinux device naming primer:
-
- Here's how drives are named under MkLinux, for any release since Nov 26, 1997,
- including many of the "wips" on the ftp site, as well this pre-DR3, DR3 final,
- and all versions going forward.
-
- SCSI Drives:
-
- MkLinux scans your SCSI busses counting from ID#0 through ID#6. It scans
- the internal bus first, then the "internal/external" bus. Any disks that
- are found are assigned the names "sda", "sdb", "sdc", REGARDLESS of their
- SCSI ID. So, if you don't have a drive at ID#0, but you do have one at
- ID#1 on the internal bus, then that drive will be "/dev/sda". This is
- different from earlier MkLinuxes. SCSI CDROMs are also labeled as they
- are found in the scan, starting with "scd0". So, here's a gnarly example:
-
- Internal
- ID What type disks cdroms
- 0 (empty)
- 1 SCSI Disk Hard Disk /dev/sda
- 2 (empty)
- 3 cdrom CDROM /dev/scd0
- 4 zip drive Hard Disk /dev/sdb
- 5 SCSI Disk Hard Disk /dev/sdc
- 6 (empty)
- External:
- 0 (empty)
- 1 (empty)
- 2 SCSI Disk Hard Disk /dev/sdd
- 3 (empty)
- 4 Another CDROM CDROM /dev/scd1
- 5 jaz drive Hard Disk /dev/sde
- 6 (empty)
- ^ ^
- | |
- See how the names increase | |
- consecutively in these two --------+----------------+
- columns?
-
- ATA and ATAPI drives:
-
- ATA naming is quite different from SCSI naming.
-
- Your IDE drives and ATAPI CDROMs are numbered like so:
- On the first ATA bus, you have /dev/hda and /dev/hdb. On the second ATA
- bus, you have /dev/hdc and /dev/hdd. Etc.
-
- Example:
- On the PowerMac 4400, the first ATA bus has the hard disk, and the second
- ATA bus has the CDROM:
-
- First ATA bus:
- Master IDE Drive /dev/hda
- Slave (empty) /dev/hdb
-
- Second ATA bus:
- Master CDROM /dev/hdc
- Slave (empty) /dev/hdd
-
- ^
- |
- + These names fixed to the assigned positions
- even if there's an "empty" position.
-
- Partitions:
- Once you have determined what MkLinux calls the drive, the partition number
- on that drive is specified by appending a number.
-
- Examples:
-
- /dev/hda5 (partition #5 on hda)
- /dev/sdd4 (partition #4 on sdd)
-
- The best way I know to look at a partition map is to use the pdisk utility.
- It's not pretty to look at, but it really tells you what's going on with the
- drives in your system. Pdisk is in the "MacOS_Utilities" directory on
- this ftp site.
-